Single-photon avalanche diode imagers in biophotonics: review and outlook

C Bruschini, H Homulle, IM Antolovic, S Burri… - Light: Science & …, 2019 - nature.com
Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays are solid-state detectors that offer imaging
capabilities at the level of individual photons, with unparalleled photon counting and time …

A megapixel time-gated SPAD image sensor for 2D and 3D imaging applications

K Morimoto, A Ardelean, ML Wu, AC Ulku… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2019 - arxiv.org
We present the first 1Mpixel SPAD camera ever reported. The camera features 3.8 ns time
gating and 24kfps frame rate; it was fabricated in 180nm CIS technology. Two pixels have …

A 512× 512 SPAD image sensor with integrated gating for widefield FLIM

AC Ulku, C Bruschini, IM Antolović… - IEEE Journal of …, 2018 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
In this paper, we report on SwissSPAD2, an image sensor with 512× 512 photon-counting
pixels, each comprising a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), a 1-b memory, and a …

Challenges and prospects for multi-chip microlens imprints on front-side illuminated SPAD imagers

C Bruschini, IM Antolovic, F Zanella, AC Ulku… - Optics …, 2023 - opg.optica.org
The overall sensitivity of frontside-illuminated, silicon single-photon avalanche diode
(SPAD) arrays has often suffered from fill factor limitations. The fill factor loss can however …

A Time Correlated SPAD Image Sensor in 40-nm CMOS Technology

RK Henderson, N Johnston… - IEEE Journal of Solid …, 2019 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
A pixel single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) time-resolved single photon counting
(TCSPC) image sensor is implemented in STMicroelectronics 40-nm CMOS technology. The …

Three-dimensional imaging of stationary and moving targets in turbid underwater environments using a single-photon detector array

A Maccarone, F Mattioli Della Rocca, A McCarthy… - Optics express, 2019 - opg.optica.org
Three-dimensional imaging in underwater environments was investigated using a
picosecond resolution silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector array …

Numerical model of spad-based direct time-of-flight flash lidar CMOS image sensors

A Tontini, L Gasparini, M Perenzoni - Sensors, 2020 - mdpi.com
We present a Montecarlo simulator developed in Matlab® for the analysis of a Single Photon
Avalanche Diode (SPAD)-based Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) flash …

3D printing of a PDMS cylindrical microlens array with 100% fill-factor

H Zhang, T Qi, X Zhu, L Zhou, Z Li… - … Applied Materials & …, 2021 - ACS Publications
Cylindrical microlens arrays (CMLAs) play a key role in many optoelectronic devices, and
100% fill-factor CMLAs also have the advantage of improving the signal-to-noise ratio and …

Dynamic range extension for photon counting arrays

IM Antolovic, C Bruschini, E Charbon - Optics Express, 2018 - opg.optica.org
Confocal microscopes use photomultiplier tubes and hybrid detectors due to their large
dynamic range, which typically exceeds the one of single-photon avalanche diodes …

High fill-factor miniaturized SPAD arrays with a guard-ring-sharing technique

K Morimoto, E Charbon - Optics express, 2020 - opg.optica.org
We present a novel guard-ring-sharing technique to push the limit of SPAD pixel
miniaturization, and to demonstrate the operation of SPAD arrays with a 2.2 µm-pitch, the …