The resolution of conventional optical elements and systems has long been perceived to
satisfy the classic Rayleigh criterion. Paramount efforts have been made to develop different …

A detailed analytical and numerical study of the effect of phase vortex singularity has been
carried out when focusing high-order cylindrical polarized fields. The possibility of forming a …

Nowadays, the well-known cylindrical vector beams (CVBs)–the axially symmetric beam
solution to the full-vector electromagnetic wave equation–are widely used for advanced …

It is shown that a decrease in the size of the focal spot produced by a high numerical
aperture focusing system comes as the result of the spatial redistribution of different electric …

We suggest vortex phase elements to detect the polarization state of the focused incident
beam. We analytically and numerically show that only the types of polarization (linear …

Currently, cylindrical beams with radial or azimuthal polarization are being used
successfully for the optical manipulation of micro-and nano-particles as well as in …

We study the sharp focusing of differently polarized low-order and high-order beams,
including Bessel and Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes, to compare them using several …

Three-dimensional transformations of light fields were investigated, including such
characteristics as intensity distribution and polarisation state, in the focal region at tight …

It was shown that the presence of wave aberrations (analyzed in the form of Zernike
functions) in high-numerical-aperture focusing systems results in narrowing of the transverse …

Performing the laser processing of materials implies the importance of producing the desired
effect on local regions with a predetermined distribution of the beam-power density. The …