In an increasingly complex information society, demands for cognitive functioning are
growing steadily. In recent years, numerous strategies to augment brain function have been …

A primary means for the augmentation of cognitive brain functions is “pharmacological
cognitive enhancement”(PCE). The term usually refers to the off-label use of medical …

Catecholamines modulate the impact of motivational cues on action. Such motivational
biases have been proposed to reflect cue-based,'Pavlovian'effects. Here, we assess …

Introduction: Smart drugs are among the most common drugs used by students. It is
estimated that they are second in incidence after cannabis. Although they are usually used …

Effort-related decision-making and reward learning are both dopamine-dependent, but
preclinical research suggests they depend on different dopamine signaling dynamics …

Modafinil, methyphenidate (MPH) and d-amphetamine (d-amph) are putative cognitive
enhancers. However, efficacy of cognitive enhancement has yet to be fully established. We …

Emerging evidence suggests that dopamine may modulate learning and memory with
important implications for understanding the neurobiology of memory and future therapeutic …

Dopamine (DA) plays a key role in reward processing and is implicated in psychological
disorders such as depression, substance use, and schizophrenia. The role of DA in reward …

Recent studies indicate that selective noradrenergic (atomoxetine) and serotonergic
(citalopram) reuptake inhibitors may improve response inhibition in selected patients with …

As the first drug to see widespread use for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD), methylphenidate was the forerunner and catalyst to the modern era of …