The common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a well studied and highly tractable genetic
model organism for understanding molecular mechanisms of human diseases. Many basic …

Autophagy has emerged as a critical lysosomal pathway that maintains cell function and
survival through the degradation of cellular components such as organelles and proteins …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are incurable and debilitating conditions that result in
progressive degeneration and/or death of nerve cells in the central nervous system (CNS) …

Current clinical trials are testing the life-extending benefits of the diabetes drug metformin in
healthy individuals without diabetes. However, the metabolic response of a non-diabetic …

Caenorhabditis elegans has been proven to be a useful model organism for investigating
molecular and cellular aspects of numerous human diseases. More recently, investigators …

Therapeutic drug development is a long, expensive, and complex process that usually takes
12–15 years. In the early phases of drug discovery, in particular, there is a growing need for …

Patient‐specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a potential source for
develo** novel drug and cell therapies. Although increasing numbers of disease‐specific …

There is a well-defined regulatory framework governing the approval of chemicals for use as
pharmaceuticals or release into the environment. Toxicity assessment is thus a major hurdle …

Frataxin is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein involved in the biogenesis of Fe-S-
cluster-containing proteins and consequently in the functionality of the mitochondrial …