The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The …

COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease but up to two thirds of hospitalised patients show
evidence of central nervous system (CNS) damage, predominantly ischaemic, in some …

For many years, modulators of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) have been trusted by
clinicians for the control of essential hypertension. It was recently demonstrated that these …

Sarcopenia is an important public health problem, characterized by age-related loss of
muscle mass and muscle function. It is a precursor of physical frailty, mobility limitation, and …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) was initially considered to be part of the endocrine
system regulating water and electrolyte balance, systemic vascular resistance, blood …

Neurological manifestations are not uncommon during infection with the novel severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A clear association has been reported …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global health threat. Some COVID-19 patients …

With confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases surpassing the 18 million mark
around the globe, there is an imperative need to gain comprehensive understanding of …

Infection with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
causes the development of the novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and associated …

Abstract SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, uses angiotensin converting
enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its primary cell-surface receptor. ACE2 is a key enzyme in the counter …