Vehicle suspension systems have become increasingly crucial for both driving safety and
comfort. Active suspension systems can dynamically adjust suspension characteristics in …

Electromagnetic launch system has characteristics of high acceleration, intense vibration
shock, and strong electromagnetic interference, which may damage the position sensor and …

Optimal control (OCl) can be traced back to the 1960s when it was utilised for solving an
optimisation problem (OP). In the OCl technique, a stable controller can be obtained by …

The four-wheel steering electric vehicles are considered as ideal autonomous vehicles, and
the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is widely adopted in path tracking control. The choice of …

The growing demand for eco-friendly transportation has led to the emergence of electric
vehicles (EVs). To meet driving requirements and enhance the performance of EVs …

The use of the computer program MATLAB is prominent in many studies that simulate many
industrial systems. The current simulation aims to build a suitable simulation model …

Several developments continue to be carried out in order to improve the response of the
quadcopter system in tracking problems that occur, capable of tracking in circles, squares or …

The study of missile guidance systems is a well‐known nonlinear control engineering area
of research. To enhance the control performance of a missle guidance system, several …

The accurate estimation of speed is crucial for optimizing the performance and efficiency of
DC motors, which find extensive applications in various domains. However, the presence of …

One of the most often utilized types of direct current (DC) motors in both the industrial and
automotive sectors are brushless DC motors (BLDC). This research presents a comparative …