Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and yet the
early pathophysiological events of the condition and sequences of dysfunction remain …

About 15% of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) have family history and 5–10% have a
monogenic form of the disease with Mendelian inheritance. To date, at least 23 loci and 19 …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder involving a complex interplay between a
variety of genetic and environmental factors. In this scenario, mitochondrial impairment and …

It has been 15 years since the Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene was identified as
the most common genetic cause for Parkinson's disease (PD). The two most common …

Abstract Mutations in the Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been identified
as one of the most common genetic causes of Parkinson's disease (PD). The LRRK2 PD …

Lysosomal dysfunction lies at the centre of the cellular mechanisms underlying Parkinson's
disease although the precise underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated the …

The degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons is considered the hallmark of Parkinson's
disease (PD), and it is triggered by different factors, including mitochondrial dysfunction …

Preclinical research on Parkinson's disease has relied heavily on mouse and rat animal
models. Initially, PD animal models were generated primarily by chemical neurotoxins that …

Mutations in the Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are linked to autosomal
dominant Parkinson's disease (PD), and genetic variations at the LRRK2 locus are …

Midbrain dopamine neurons are thought to play key roles in learning by conveying the
difference between expected and actual outcomes. Recent evidence suggests diversity in …