Particles are accelerated to very high, non-thermal energies during explosive energy-
release phenomena in space, solar, and astrophysical plasma environments. While it has …

Recent multi-point measurements, in particular from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS)
spacecraft, have advanced the understanding of micro-scale aspects of magnetic …

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)-based global space weather models have mostly been
developed and maintained at academic institutions. While the “free spirit” approach of …

Ionospheric ions (mainly H+, He+, and O+) escape from the ionosphere and populate the
Earth's magnetosphere. Their thermal energies are usually low when they first escape the …

Both solar wind and ionospheric sources contribute to the magnetotail plasma sheet, but
how their contribution changes during a geomagnetic storm is an open question. The source …

Energetic ions outflowing from Jupiter's atmosphere was observed during Juno's 12th
perijove crossing (PJ12) in the vicinity of Io's auroral footprint and reported by prior studies. It …

The accurate determination of auroral precipitation in global models has remained a
daunting and rather inexplicable obstacle. Understanding the calculation and balance of …

We currently do not understand the fundamental physical processes that govern mass and
energy flow through the Earth's magnetosphere. Knowledge of these processes is critical to …

Using fully kinetic 2.5 dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of anti-parallel symmetric
magnetic reconnection, we investigate how initially cold ions are captured by the …

Warm (several eV to 100 eV) ions are an important, and still poorly understood, component
of the magnetospheric plasma environment. We present the first comprehensive statistical …