Porphyry deposits are large, low-grade metal ore bodies that are formed from hydrothermal
fluids derived from an underlying magma reservoir. They are important as major sources of …

Global data for measured Fe 2 O 3/FeO ratios and Cu contents in unaltered volcanic and
intrusive arc rocks indicate that, on average, they are slightly more oxidized than other …

Iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits are an important source of iron and other elements (eg,
REE, P, U, Ag and Co) vital to modern society. However, their formation, including the …

Most of the global Sn resources are from granite-related ore deposits, which form in
response to cassiterite precipitation from hydrothermal fluids. However, the physical and …

Oxygen fugacity (fO 2) is a key factor that controls the formation of porphyry Cu deposits.
Porphyry Cu deposits are typically oxidized, but when and how porphyry magmas gain their …

Extensive research during the 20 th century on porphyry Cu (-Mo-Au) deposits has revealed
the following major geodynamic, petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical features that …

This contribution provides an overview of available experimental, thermodynamic, and
molecular data on Au aqueous speciation, solubility, and partitioning in major types of …

Volcanoes play a key role in the cycling of volatile metals (eg, chalcophile elements such as
Tl, Pb, and Cu and metalloids such as As, Te, and Se) on our planet. Volatile metals and …

Arc magmas globally are H2O-Cl-S–rich and moderately oxidized (ΔFMQ=+ 1 to+ 2) relative
to most other mantle-derived magmas (ΔFMQ≤ 0). Their relatively high oxidation state limits …

Geological aqueous fluids operate in a wide range of temperatures (from 0 to 1000 C) and
depths (from Earth surface to~ 10s km), over which the physical-chemical properties of water …