Government-enforced regulations and incentives are primarily intended to promote
sustainability. Consumers' growing concern about the environmental impact of the products …

Perishable products in Europe, the United States, and Canada typically have expiration
dates or maximum lifetimes assigned to them. As these products approach their …

Advance payment method has emerged as an effective mechanism to control not only any
company's cash flow but also order cancellations. To encourage customers to use the …

Uncertainty refers to a lack of precise knowledge or information about a particular event,
situation, or outcome. It is an inherent characteristic of many real-world phenomena and is …

The consumer's demand for certain products must be grown through frequent promotion.
Also, maintaining the green level of the products can catch customers' attention. The …

During the current pandemic period, the number of online transactions to purchase products
through a mixed cash and prepayment agreement has increased significantly. Under this …

Background: What are the cumulative influences of pricing, promotions of commodities,
order size-based discount opportunities, and alternative warehousing scenarios on effective …

The theory of optimal control plays an important role to solve several real-life problems.
However, it is often seen that uncertainty is a major challenge in formulating the appropriate …

Prepayment is a strategy of preparedness for a company that incurs relatively low costs but
provides immense benefits in case of delivery disruptions. This paper introduces a decision …

Installment in the prepayment mechanism has emerged as a significant decision for many
companies due to rising capital costs and increasing pressures from suppliers for various …