Across the entire mantle we interpret 94 positive seismic wave-speed anomalies as
subducted lithosphere and associate these slabs with their geological record. We document …

Continental magmatic arcs form above subduction zones where the upper plate is
continental lithosphere and/or accreted transitional lithosphere. The best-studied examples …

Uranium-lead geochronology in detrital zircons and provenance analyses in eight boreholes
and two surface stratigraphic sections in the northern Andes provide insight into the time of …

Determining the timing of diversification of modern birds has been difficult. We combined
DNA sequences of clock-like genes for most avian families with 130 fossil birds to generate …

An integration of diverse strain markers into a palinspastic reconstruction of the northern
Andes provides a first-order quantitative approximation to the response of a complex margin …

We establish the 'subduction initiation rule'(SIR) which predicts that most ophiolites form
during subduction initiation (SI) and that the diagnostic magmatic chemostratigraphic …

The rise of the Isthmus of Panama, linked to a number of climatic, paleoceanographic, and
biological events, has been studied mostly from indirect, often distal, geochemical and biotic …

The Caribbean oceanic crust was formed west of the North and South American continents,
probably from Late Jurassic through Early Cretaceous time. Its subsequent evolution has …

Abstract Tectonic collision between South America and Panama began at 23–25 Ma. The
collision is significant because it ultimately led to development of the Panamanian Isthmus …

Subduction initiation is one of the main unsolved issues in plate tectonics theory with
different proposed mechanisms. In the arc (plateau, terrane)-continent collision models, a …