The hippocampus is critical for memory and spatial navigation. The ability to map novel
environments, as well as more abstract conceptual relationships, is fundamental to the …

The neuromodulator dopamine (DA) is essential for regulating learning, motivation, and
movement. Despite its importance, however, the mechanisms by which DA influences the …

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) enable optical recording of electrical signals
in the brain, providing subthreshold sensitivity and temporal resolution not possible with …

Selectively focusing on a behaviorally relevant stimulus while ignoring irrelevant stimuli
improves perception. Enhanced neuronal response gain is thought to support attention …

Bioelectricity is the electrical activity that occurs within living cells and tissues. This activity is
critical for regulating homeostatic cellular function and communication, and disruptions of …

Due to the size and opacity of vertebrate brains, it has until now been impossible to
simultaneously record neuronal activity at cellular resolution across the entire adult brain. As …

Originally a genetic model organism, the experimental use of Drosophila melanogaster has
grown to include quantitative behavioral analyses, sophisticated perturbations of neuronal …

Voltage imaging measures neuronal activity directly and holds promise for understanding
information processing within individual neurons and across populations. However, imaging …

Fluorescence imaging with high signal-to-noise ratios has become the foundation of
accurate visualization and analysis of biological phenomena. However, the inevitable noise …

Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors have revolutionized the study of cell signaling
and metabolism, as they allow for live-cell measurements with high spatiotemporal …