Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has rapidly become the most common chronic
liver disease globally and is currently estimated to affect up to 38% of the global adult …

Adipokines are cell-signaling proteins secreted by adipose tissue that has been related to a
low-grade state of inflammation and different pathologies. The present review aims to …

As the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, the world is facing a major public health
concern. Obesity is a complex disease associated with an increase in several inflammatory …

The immune response holds a pivotal role in cardiovascular disease development. As
multifunctional cells of the innate immune system, macrophages play an essential role in …

Skeletal muscle is a major organ of insulin-induced glucose metabolism. In addition, loss of
muscle mass is closely linked to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (Met-S) …

Low-grade inflammation is the hallmark of metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2
diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Emerging evidence indicates that these …

The relationship between high body weight and mental health has been studied for several
decades. Improvements in the quality of epidemiological, mechanistic and psychological …

Leptin is a hormone primarily produced by the adipose tissue in proportion to the size of fat
stores, with a primary function in the control of lipid reserves. Besides adipose tissue, leptin …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an epidemic liver disease, affecting
approximately one quarter of the entire population in the world.(1) This disease …

Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by joint malfunction and chronic disability, is the most
common form of arthritis. Clinical and animal experiments reveal that age-related OA is …