The Andes are the world's most biodiverse mountain chain, encompassing a complex array
of ecosystems from tropical rainforests to alpine habitats. We provide a synthesis of Andean …

Environmental heterogeneity is regarded as one of the most important factors governing
species richness gradients. An increase in available niche space, provision of refuges and …

Motivation More than half of Earth's species are contained in a mere 1.4% of its land area,
but the climates of many of these biodiversity hotspots are projected to disappear as a …

This review explores the evolution of extant South American tropical biomes, focusing on
when and why they developed. Tropical vegetation experienced a radical transformation …

Abstract The Caatinga Domain (CD) in northeastern Brazil harbors the largest and most
continuous expanse of the seasonally dry tropical forest and woodland biome (SDTFW) in …

Summary The tropical Andes of South America, the world's richest biodiversity hotspot, are
home to many rapid radiations. While geological, climatic, and ecological processes …

Aim Higher‐elevation areas on islands and continental mountains tend to be separated by
longer distances, predicting higher endemism at higher elevations; our study is the first to …

Plant checklists constitute the fundamental knowledge on which further hypotheses of
ecology, evolution, and biodiversity conservation are built. Here, we compiled a …

Background Centres of endemism have received much attention from evolutionists,
biogeographers, ecologists and conservationists. Climatic stability is often cited as a major …

Understanding the processes that cause speciation is a key aim of evolutionary biology.
Lineages or biomes that exhibit recent and rapid diversification are ideal model systems for …