In their hasty response to the recent wave of populist victories, many analysts have ignored
previous scholarship on populism. In contrast, contributors to this special issue draw from …

A profusion of recent research has focused on historical legacies as key to understanding
contemporary outcomes. We review this body of research, analyzing both the comparative …

The ascendance of austerity policies and the protests they have generated have had a deep
impact on the shape of contemporary politics. The stunning electoral successes of SYRIZA …

Polarization may be the most consistent effect of populism, as it is integral to the logic of
constructing populist subjects. This article distinguishes between constitutive, spatial and …

This Element introduces the concept of institutional weakness, arguing that weakness or
strength is a function of the extent to which an institution actually matters to social, economic …

The birth of democracies owes much to the interventions and mobilizations of ordinary
people. Yet many feel as though they have inherited democratic institutions which do not …

In Europe, as in the rest of the Western world, scholarly interest in social movements
developed with the wave of protest that, in the late sixties, shook confidence in the 'end of …

Political identities are crucial for understanding electoral behavior: individuals who identify
with a political party behave as loyal supporters who would hardly vote for competitors old or …

Income and wealth inequalities have increased substantially in many regions of the world
since the 1980s. This evolution came after a relatively egalitarian period from 1950 to 1980 …

Where party identification is in decay or in flux, alternative political identifications have
gained centrality. In this Element, the author develops a typology of post-partisan political …