Climate change, increasing emissions and rising global temperatures have gradually
affected the way we think about the future of our planet. Urban areas possess significant …

A building system is highly nonlinear and commonly includes a variety of parameters
ranging from the architectural design to the building mechanical and energy system. Serving …

Nowadays, there is growing interest in all the smart technologies that provide us with
information and knowledge about the human environment. In the energy field, thanks to the …

Building information modelling (BIM) is the first step towards the implementation of the
industrial revolution 4.0, in which virtual reality and digital twins are key elements. At …

Reinforcement learning (RL) was first demonstrated to be a feasible approach to controlling
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems more than a decade ago …

The aim of this work is to propose an artificial intelligence algorithm that maintains thermal
comfort and air quality within optimal levels while consuming the least amount of energy …

Energy flexibility of buildings can be an essential resource for a sustainable and reliable
power grid with the growing variable renewable energy shares and the trend to electrify and …

This manual describes the computer program CONTAM version 3.4, developed by NIST.
CONTAM is a multizone indoor air quality and ventilation analysis program designed to help …

Abstract The development of Urban-Scale Energy Modelling (USEM) at district or city level is
today the goal of many research groups due to the increased interest in applications such as …

To reduce building energy use and mitigate CO 2 emissions, zero/low energy buildings
have attracted increasing attention. However, the impacts of the main design parameters …