Skeletal disorders are among the leading debilitating factors affecting millions of people
worldwide. The use of stem cells for tissue repair has raised many promises in various …

Musculoskeletal disorders represent a major cause of disability and morbidity globally and
result in enormous costs for health and social care systems. Development of cell-based …

Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration is associated with most cases of cervical and lumbar
spine pathologies, amongst which chronic low back pain has become the primary cause for …

Hydrogels have been extensively employed as an attractive biomaterial to address
numerous existing challenges in the fields of regenerative medicine and research because …

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a key component of the intervertebral disc (IVD) that is widely
investigated as an IVD biomaterial. One persisting challenge is introducing materials …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common cause of low back pain and most spinal
disorders. As IVD degeneration is a major obstacle to the healthy life of so many individuals …

Surgery is the final choice for most patients with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD).
Operation-caused trauma will cause inflammation in the intervertebral disc. Serious …

Intervertebral disc degeneration is strongly associated with chronic low back pain, a leading
cause of disability worldwide. Current back pain treatment approaches (both surgical and …

A key early sign of degenerative disc disease (DDD) is the loss of nucleus pulposus (NP)
cells (NPCs). Accordingly, NPC transplantation is a treatment strategy for intervertebral disc …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD), a highly prevalent pathological condition
worldwide, is widely associated with back pain. Treatments available compensate for the …