Atmospheric gravity waves have been a subject of intense research activity in recent years
because of their myriad effects and their major contributions to atmospheric circulation …

An overview of the parametrization of gravity‐wave drag in numerical‐weather prediction
and climate simulation models is presented. The focus is primarily on understanding the …

A detailed description of the fifth-generation ECHAM model is presented. Compared to the
previous version, ECHAM4, a number of substantial changes have been introduced in both …

Gravity waves exist in all types of geophysical fluids, such as lakes, oceans, and
atmospheres. They play an important role in redistributing energy at disturbances, such as …

This paper presents a parameterization of gravity-wave momentum and energy deposition in
the middle atmosphere, given a wave spectrum incident from below and arbitrary …

Flow in a stably stratified environment is characterized by anisotropic and intermittent
turbulence and wavelike motions of varying amplitudes and periods. Understanding …

A spectral parameterization of mean-flow forcing due to breaking gravity waves is described
for application in the equations of motion in atmospheric models. The parameterization is …

The irregular winds of the middle atmosphere are commonly attributed to an upwardly
propagating system of atmospheric gravity waves. Their one-dimensional (in vertical …

The dynamical and thermodynamical importance of gravity waves was initially recognized in
the atmosphere of Earth. Extensive studies over recent decades demonstrated that gravity …

The spectral characteristics of atmospheric gravity wave motions are remarkably uniform in
frequency and wavenumber despite widely disparate sources, filtering environments, and …