Tropospheric anthropogenic aerosols contribute the second-largest forcing to climate
change, but with high uncertainty owing to their spatio-temporal variability and complicated …

Originating in the equatorial Pacific, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has highly
consequential global impacts, motivating the need to understand its responses to …

We introduce Version 2 of our widely used 1-km Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps
for historical and future climate conditions. The historical maps (encompassing 1901–1930 …

Improved knowledge of glacial-to-interglacial global temperature change yields Charney
(fast-feedback) equilibrium climate sensitivity 1.2±0.3° C (2σ) per W/m2, which is 4.8° C±1.2° …

At least 10,000 virus species have the ability to infect humans but, at present, the vast
majority are circulating silently in wild mammals,. However, changes in climate and land use …

Climate simulations: recognize the ‘hot model’ problem Skip to main content Thank you for
visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the …

This chapter assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons
from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …

Potential climate-related impacts on future crop yield are a major societal concern. Previous
projections of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project's Global …

Arctic amplification (AA)—referring to the enhancement of near-surface air temperature
change over the Arctic relative to lower latitudes—is a prominent feature of climate change …

As the Arctic continues to warm faster than the rest of the planet, evidence mounts that the
region is experiencing unprecedented environmental change. The hydrological cycle is …