The lower-thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) system consists of the upper atmosphere and the
lower part of the ionosphere and as such comprises a complex system coupled to both the …

Low latitude ionosphere experiences complex dynamical and electrodynamical processes,
which make the spatiotemporal variations of the corresponding electron density complicated …

The high‐latitude ionosphere‐thermosphere system is strongly affected by the
magnetospheric energy input during magnetospheric substorms. In this study, we …

We argue that combining a high-power, large-aperture radar transmitter with several large-
aperture receiving arrays to make a geospace radar—a radar capable of probing near-Earth …

Measurements of height-dependent electric field (E) and neutral wind (u) are important
governing parameters of the Earth's upper atmosphere, which can be used to study, for …

Incoherent scatter radar (ISR), as one of the most powerful ionospheric detection methods
on the ground, can obtain a variety of important ionospheric parameters with high …

Incoherent scatter (IS) radars are invaluable instruments for ionospheric physics, since they
observe altitude profiles of electron density (Ne), electron temperature (Te), ion temperature …

Polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSEs) have been long associated with noctilucent
clouds (NLCs). For large ice particles sizes and relatively high ice densities, PMSEs at 3 m …

The minimum of the previous solar cycle, Solar Cycle 24, occurred in December 2019, which
also marked the start of the new Solar Cycle 25. The first radio bursts of the new solar cycle …

Predicting the maximum intensity of geomagnetic activity for an upcoming solar cycle is
important in space weather service and for planning future space missions. This study …