Background The World Health Organization (WHO) has called for the evidence-informed
integration of traditional medicine (TM) into health systems. Research rigor requires a good …

In scholarly debates, as well as in everyday parlance, we tend to pull science and
technology apart: science gives us theory, and technology applies it. In practice, however …

Abstract Machine learning (ML) models recently led to major breakthroughs in predictive
tasks in the natural sciences. Yet their benefits for the social sciences are less evident, as …

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) has called for the evidence-informed
integration of traditional medicine (TM) into health systems. Research rigor requires a good …

Evidence-based policy has achieved great relevance in policy-making and social research.
Nonetheless, over the past few years, several problematic aspects of this approach have …

This volume contends that Evidential Pluralism—an account of the epistemology of
causation, which maintains that in order to establish a causal claim one needs to establish …

Abstract Evidential pluralists, like Federica Russo and Jon Williamson, argue that causal
claims should be corroborated by establishing both the existence of a suitable correlation …

Abstract The Russo Williamson thesis (RWT) states that a causal claim can be established
only if it can be established that there is a difference-making relationship between the cause …

This paper develops an account of model evaluation—with an emphasis on fairness
concerns—that takes the social situatedness of ML models as its starting point. Such a view …

Mixed-methods research (MMR)—the combination of qualitative and quantitative data within
the same design to strengthen causal inference—is gaining prominence in the social …