The hybrid energy storage system is a promising candidate for electrically driven vehicles
that enables superior capabilities compared to the single energy storage source. The energy …

Energy management system (EMS) in an electric vehicle (EV) is the system involved for
smooth energy transfer from power drive to the wheels of a vehicle. During acceleration and …

This paper presents a real-time and approximately optimal energy management strategy
(EMS) based on Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP), considering both fuel economy and …

Hybrid energy storage systems have attracted more and more interests due to their
improved performances compared with sole energy source in system efficiency and battery …

This paper presents an experimental study on a semi-active hybrid energy storage system
consisting of a battery pack and a supercapacitor pack for electric vehicle application. First, a …

The combination of batteries and supercapacitors is promising in electric vehicles context to
minimize battery aging. Such a system needs an energy management strategy (EMS) that …

Mobility has modernized urban areas using an efficient transportation system. However,
mobility demand growth has accelerated the expansion of conventional transportation …

The paper deals with real-time energy management strategies for a hybrid energy storage
system including a battery and supercapacitor for an electric vehicle. Besides efficiency …

Electric and hybrid electric vehicle technology demonstrates a performance to replace the
internal combustion engines (ICE) in the current scenario. It attracts attention with improved …

This paper presents a new multi-stage power management strategy aimed at enhancing the
security and performance of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). The proposed strategy is …