Since its discovery in 1975, TNFα has been a subject of intense study as it plays significant
roles in both immunity and cancer. Such attention is well deserved as TNFα is unique in its …

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF; TNFα) is a critical regulator of immune responses in
healthy organisms and in disease. TNF is involved in the development and proper …

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is induced by inflammatory signals in a broad number of immune
cell types. IL-1β (and IL-18) are the only cytokines which are processed by caspase-1 after …

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that not only regulates the immune and
inflammatory response but also affects hematopoiesis, metabolism, and organ development …

The extracellular forms of the IL‐1 cytokines are active through binding to specific receptors
on the surface of target cells. IL‐1 ligands bind to the extracellular portion of their ligand …

The disintegrin metalloprotease ADAM17 has been a matter of intense studies aiming to
unravel structure, function and regulation of protease expression, maturation and activity. In …

Abstract The interleukin (IL)-1 family of cytokines comprises 11 members, including 7 pro-
inflammatory agonists (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ) and 4 defined or …

Interleukin-6 is a cytokine not only involved in inflammation and infection responses but also
in the regulation of metabolic, regenerative, and neural processes. In classic signaling …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria is one of the most potent innate
immune-activating stimuli known. Here we review the current understanding of LPS effects …

Abstract Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα, TNF) is a key mediator and regulator of
mammalian immune responses in healthy organisms and in diseased conditions. TNF …