Chemical reaction networks that transform out-of-equilibrium 'fuel'to 'waste'are the engines
that power the biomolecular machinery of the cell. Inspired by such systems, autonomous …

Life is a non‐equilibrium state of matter maintained at the expense of energy. Nature uses
predominantly chemical energy stored in thermodynamically activated, but kinetically stable …

Supramolecular polymerization can be controlled in space and time by chemical fuels. A
nonassembled monomer is activated by the fuel and subsequently self-assembles into a …

Biological systems exhibit a range of complex functions at the micro-and nanoscales under
non-equilibrium conditions (for example, transportation and motility, temporal control …

Dissipative self-assembly is ubiquitous in nature, where it gives rise to complex structures
and functions such as self-healing, homeostasis, and camouflage. These phenomena are …

Non‐equilibrium chemical systems underpin multiple domains of contemporary interest,
including supramolecular chemistry, molecular machines, systems chemistry, prebiotic …

Dissipative self-assembly, one of fundamentally important out-of-equilibrium self-assembly
systems, can serve as a controllable platform to exhibit temporal processes for various non …

Natural and artificial autonomous molecular machines operate by constantly dissipating
energy coming from an external source to maintain a non-equilibrium state. Quantitative …

Abstract Information is physical, a realization that has transformed the physics of
measurement and communication. However, the flow between information, energy and …

Biomolecular machines are driven by information ratchet mechanisms, where kinetic
asymmetry in the machine's chemomechanical cycle of fuel-to-waste catalysis induces net …