Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has become a paradigm of precision medicine, with
the discovery of numerous disease subtypes defined by specific oncogenic driver mutations …

The impressive clinical activity of small-molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for
oncogene-addicted subgroups of non-small-cell lung cancer (for example, those driven by …

The MAPK pathway is one of the most commonly mutated oncogenic pathways in cancer.
Although RAS mutations are the most frequent MAPK alterations, less frequent alterations in …

Abstract The RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK signaling cascade is among the most frequently mutated
pathways in human cancer. Approximately 50% of melanoma patients possess a druggable …

Approximately 200 BRAF mutant alleles have been identified in human tumours. Activating
BRAF mutants cause feedback inhibition of GTP-bound RAS, are RAS-independent and …

Oncogenic alterations in the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway drive the growth of a wide
spectrum of cancers. While BRAF and MEK inhibitors are efficacious against BRAFV600E …

The three RAS genes—HRAS, NRAS and KRAS—are collectively mutated in one-third of
human cancers, where they act as prototypic oncogenes. Interestingly, there are rather …

The discovery that a subset of human tumours is dependent on mutationally deregulated
BRAF kinase intensified the development of RAF inhibitors to be used as potential …

Abstract Background Noncoding RNAs such as circular RNAs (circRNAs) are abundant in
the human body and influence the occurrence and development of various diseases. Non …

Activating BRAF mutants and fusions signal as RAS-independent constitutively active
dimers with the exception of BRAF V600 mutant alleles which can function as active …