Early survival is highly variable and strongly influences observed population growth rates in
most vertebrate populations. One of the major potential drivers of survival variation among …

Background Fitness in birds has been shown to be negatively associated with
anthropogenic noise, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. It is however crucial …

As species shift their ranges and phenology to cope with climate change, many are left
without a ready supply of their preferred food source during critical life stages. Food …

The survival probability of birds during the juvenile period, between the end of parental care
and adulthood, is highly variable and has a major effect on population dynamics and …

Potential mechanistic mediators of Darwinian fitness, such as stress hormones or sex
hormones, have been the focus of many studies. An inverse relationship between fitness …

The exploration of the effects of urbanization on bird demography has attracted much
attention, and several studies found lower reproductive success in towns, which suggested …

Longevity is a major determinant of individual differences in Darwinian fitness. Several
studies have analyzed the stochastic, time‐dependent causes of variation in longevity, but …

Individual organisms have to endure transient periods of low‐food supply with
consequences for growth, reproduction and survival. To resist starvation, animals usually …

Within‐individual consistency and among‐individual heterogeneity in fitness are
prerequisites for selection to take place. Within‐individual variation in productivity between …

In iteroparous mammals, conditions experienced early in life may have long‐lasting effects
on lifetime reproductive success. Human‐induced mortality is also an important …