LTP and LTD, the long-term potentiation and depression of excitatory synaptic transmission,
are widespread phenomena expressed at possibly every excitatory synapse in the …

Experiences, whether they be learning in a classroom, a stressful event, or ingestion of a
psychoactive substance, impact the brain by modifying the activity and organization of …

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a critical element of the mesocorticolimbic system, a brain
circuit implicated in reward and motivation. This basal forebrain structure receives dopamine …

The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic accumulation of evidence indicating that
the excitatory amino acid glutamate plays an important role in drug addiction and …

Mu opioid receptors mediate positive reinforcement following direct (morphine) or indirect
(alcohol, cannabinoids, nicotine) activation, and our understanding of mu receptor function …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Adaptation of the nervous system to different chemical and physiologic conditions is
important for the homeostasis of brain processes and for learning and remembering …

Background Mixed cannabinoid receptor 1 and 2 (CB 1 and CB 2) agonists such as Δ 9-
tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9-THC) can produce tolerance, physical withdrawal, and unwanted …

The objective of this review is to identify a target or biomarker of altered neurochemical
sensitivity that is common to the many animal models of human psychoses associated with …

Modulation of N-acetyl-l-aspartyl-l-glutamate peptidase activity with small-molecule
inhibitors holds promise for a wide variety of diseases that involve glutamatergic …