Transcranial (electro) magnetic stimulation (TMS) is currently the method of choice to non-
invasively induce neural activity in the human brain. A single transcranial stimulus induces a …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) evokes neuronal activity in the targeted cortex and
connected brain regions. The evoked brain response can be measured with …

This paper presents Integrated Information Theory (IIT) 4.0. IIT aims to account for the
properties of experience in physical (operational) terms. It identifies the essential properties …

Invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation methods are widely used in neuroscience to
establish causal relationships between distinct brain regions and the sensory, cognitive and …

The review provides a comprehensive update (previous report: Chen R, Cros D, Curra A, Di
Lazzaro V, Lefaucheur JP, Magistris MR, et al. The clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial …

How is conscious experience related to material brain processes? A variety of theories
aiming to answer this age-old question have emerged from the recent surge in …

Propofol is an intravenous hypnotic drug that is used for induction and maintenance of
sedation and general anaesthesia. It exerts its effects through potentiation of the inhibitory …

Consciousness can be defined by two components: arousal (wakefulness) and awareness
(subjective experience). However, neurophysiological consciousness metrics able to …

Neural circuits construct distributed representations of key variables—external stimuli or
internal constructs of quantities relevant for survival, such as an estimate of one's location in …

A thought-provoking argument that consciousness—more widespread than previously
assumed—is the feeling of being alive, not a type of computation or a clever hack In The …