Most bacteria attach to biotic or abiotic surfaces and are embedded in a complex matrix
which is known as biofilm. Biofilm formation is especially worrisome in clinical settings as it …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a substantial threat to human health. The widespread
prevalence of AMR is, in part, due to the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes …

Bacterial mobile genetic elements (MGEs) encode functional modules that perform both core
and accessory functions for the element, the latter of which are often only transiently …

Antibiotic resistance, which is encoded by antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), has
proliferated to become a growing threat to public health around the world. With technical …

Bacterial pathogens carrying multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmids are a major threat to
human health. The acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in plasmids is often …

Antibiotic resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, challenging the effectiveness of
antibiotics in combating bacterial infections. AMR also represents one of the most crucial …

Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat for public health. Plasmids play a critical role in the
spread of antimicrobial resistance via horizontal gene transfer between bacterial species …

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are crucial for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteria
and facilitate their rapid evolution and adaptation. MGEs include plasmids, integrative and …

Antibiotic resistance is rapidly spreading via the horizontal transfer of resistance genes in
mobile genetic elements. While plasmids are key drivers of this process, few integrative …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and gene duplication are often considered as separate
mechanisms driving the evolution of new functions. However, the mobile genetic elements …