In vivo two-photon calcium imaging (2PCI) is a technique used for recording neuronal
activity in the intact brain. It is based on the principle that, when neurons fire action …

Weak magnetic fields offer nearly lossless transmission of signals within biological tissue.
Magnetic nanomaterials are capable of transducing magnetic fields into a range of …

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) enable optical recording of electrical signals
in the brain, providing subthreshold sensitivity and temporal resolution not possible with …

Learning has been associated with modifications of synaptic and circuit properties, but the
precise changes storing information in mammals have remained largely unclear. We …

Video-based screening of pooled libraries is a powerful approach for directed evolution of
biosensors because it enables selection along multiple dimensions simultaneously from …

The ability to optically image cellular transmembrane voltages at millisecond-timescale
resolutions can offer unprecedented insight into the function of living brains in behaving …

Motor systems must continuously adapt their output to maintain a desired trajectory. While
the spinal circuits underlying rhythmic locomotion are well described, little is known about …

Microbial rhodopsin–derived genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) are powerful
tools for map** bioelectrical dynamics in cell culture and in live animals. Förster …

The first member and eponym of the rhodopsin family was identified in the 1930s as the
visual pigment of the rod photoreceptor cell in the animal retina. It was found to be a …

To understand the function and mechanism of biological systems, it is crucial to observe the
cellular dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolutions within live animals. The recent …