Water temperature is one of the main abiotic factors affecting the structure and functioning of
aquatic ecosystems and its alteration can have important effects on biological communities …

BACKGROUND Human activity and decisions drive all life in cities. Worldwide, cities are
characterized by extensive anthropogenic transformation of the landscape, modification of …

BACKGROUND The extent of urban areas is increasing around the world, and most humans
now live in cities. Urbanization results in dramatic environmental change, including …

Many cities around the world are expanding and this trend in urbanization is expected to
sharply increase over coming decades. At the same time, the integration of green and blue …

Current narratives suggest that urban adaptation–the adaptive evolution of organisms to
cities–is pervasive across taxa and cities. However, in reviewing hundreds of studies, we …

Although research performed in cities will not uncover new evolutionary mechanisms, it
could provide unprecedented opportunities to examine the interplay of evolutionary forces in …

The question of parallel evolution—what causes it, and how common it is—has long
captured the interest of evolutionary biologists. Widespread urban development over the last …

Local community structure is shaped by processes acting at local and landscape scales. The
relative importance of drivers operating across different spatial scales is difficult to test …

The integration of life-history, behavioural and physiological traits into a 'pace-of-life
syndrome'is a powerful concept in understanding trait variation in nature. Yet, mechanisms …

Multiple species show significant trait shifts in response to urbanization. Yet, the impact of
anthropogenic warming linked to the urban heat island effect is remarkably understudied. In …