Abstract African Middle Stone Age (MSA) populations used pigments, manufactured and
wore personal ornaments, made abstract engravings, and produced fully shaped bone tools …

The Hangar site is located in the Pampas region and has a high relative occurrence of
silicified limestone, a raw material not available in the nearest outcrops usually exploited …

Many have interpreted symbolic material culture in the deep past as evidencing the origins
sophisticated, modern cognition. Scholars from across the behavioural and cognitive …

Shell disc beads are important archeological indicators of social communication and
exchange networks. There has been substantial research on ostrich eggshell (OES) beads …

Archaeological and environmental research by an international and interdisciplinary team
opens new perspectives into the settlement histories of Kansyore, Early Iron Age, and Bigo …

Pleistocene and Recent non-marine molluscan faunas from Zambia, and from South-Central
Africa more generally, are relatively poorly understood. Many extant species have been …

This chapter reports glass bead data from archaeological sites in Northeast Tanzania. The
archaeological investigation of areas inland of East Africa's Swahili Coast has origins …

Modern humans, descendants of a founding population that separated from chimpanzees
theorized to be anywhere from four to eight million years ago, are today the only living …

The archaeological remains found in the Mumba rock-shelter in northern Tanzania–where
continuous deposits span from the Middle Stone Age (msa) to the historical period–provide …

Abstract The Iringa Region is famous among archaeologists for the Acheulean site of Isimila,
and among historians as the stronghold where Chief Mkwawa led the Hehe resistance …