Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a non-receptor protein
tyrosine phosphatase ubiquitously expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of several tissues …

Autophagy, originally found in liver experiments, is a cellular process that degrades
damaged organelle or protein aggregation. This process frees cells from various stress …

The normal development and maintenance of the prostate is dependent on androgen acting
through the androgen receptor (AR). AR remains important in the development and …

The tumor suppressor PTEN was originally identified as a negative regulator of the
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, a main regulator of cell growth, metabolism and …

Shp2 is a ubiquitous tyrosine phosphatase containing Src Homology 2 domains which plays
major biological functions in response to various growth factors, hormones or cytokines. This …

The inability of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to regenerate damaged axons through the optic
nerve has dire consequences for victims of traumatic nerve injury and certain …

Previous studies demonstrate that interleukin-6 (IL-6) mediates growth and survival in
human multiple myeloma (MM) cells via the MEK/MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways …

Germline mutations distributed across the PTEN tumor-suppressor gene have been found to
result in a wide spectrum of phenotypic features. Originally shown to be a major …

Tyrosine phosphorylation plays an important role in controlling cellular growth,
differentiation and function. Abnormal regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation can result in …

The effects of selective phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT inhibitors were compared
in human tumor cell lines in which the pathway is dysregulated. Both caused inhibition of …