Background Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of childhood
morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in low income countries where pneumococcal …

We present evidence for multiple independent origins of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 viruses
sampled from late 2020 and early 2021 in the United Kingdom. Their genomes carry single …

Background Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are an expensive component of the routine
immunization schedule. Fractional-dose regimens may be one option to increase the …

The Mitis group of streptococci includes an important human pathogen, Streptococcus
pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and about 20 other related species with much lower …

Background Invasive methods requiring general anaesthesia are needed to sample the lung
microbiota in young children who do not expectorate. This poses substantial challenges to …

Background After pneumococcal disease and colonization have been controlled through
vaccination campaigns, a reduced pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) schedule may …

There are concerns that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in sub-Saharan Africa
sub-optimally interrupt Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine-serotype (VT) carriage and …

Rationale: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by early structural lung disease caused by
pulmonary infections. The nasopharynx of infants is a major ecological reservoir of potential …

Pneumococcal infection in children is a major public health problem worldwide, including in
Japan. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 7 (PCV7) was licensed for use in Japan in …

Background The pneumococcus is a diverse pathogen whose primary niche is the
nasopharynx. Over 90 different serotypes exist, and nasopharyngeal carriage of multiple …