Small vessel disease is a disorder of cerebral microvessels that causes white matter
hyperintensities and several other common abnormalities (eg, recent small subcortical …

The brain harbors a unique ability to, figuratively speaking, shift its gears. During
wakefulness, the brain is geared fully toward processing information and behaving, while …

The glymphatic system is a network of perivascular spaces that promotes movement of
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain and clearance of metabolic waste. This fluid …

The shared role of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and
Alzheimer disease (AD) is arguably the clearest instance of crosstalk between …

Macrophages are important players in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Perivascular
and leptomeningeal macrophages reside near the central nervous system (CNS) …

Perivascular spaces include a variety of passageways around arterioles, capillaries and
venules in the brain, along which a range of substances can move. Although perivascular …

Throughout the body, lymphatic fluid movement supports critical functions including
clearance of excess fluid and metabolic waste. The glymphatic system is the analog of the …

The glymphatic concept along with the discovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels have, in
recent years, highlighted that fluid is directionally transported within the central nervous …

Sleep is essential for both cognition and maintenance of healthy brain function. Slow waves
in neural activity contribute to memory consolidation, whereas cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) …

The central nervous system is lined by meninges, classically known as dura, arachnoid, and
pia mater. We show the existence of a fourth meningeal layer that compartmentalizes the …