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Immune checkpoint blockade in infectious diseases
The upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules, such as programmed cell death protein
1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), on immune cells occurs during acute …
1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), on immune cells occurs during acute …
IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease
Abstract Interleukin 6 (IL-6) has a broad effect on cells of the immune system and those not
of the immune system and often displays hormone-like characteristics that affect homeostatic …
of the immune system and often displays hormone-like characteristics that affect homeostatic …
The CD8 T cell response to respiratory virus infections
Humans are highly susceptible to infection with respiratory viruses including respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, and …
syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, and …
Host-directed antiviral therapy
Antiviral drugs have traditionally been developed by directly targeting essential viral
components. However, this strategy often fails due to the rapid generation of drug-resistant …
components. However, this strategy often fails due to the rapid generation of drug-resistant …
Virological and immunological outcomes of coinfections
Coinfections involving viruses are being recognized to influence the disease pattern that
occurs relative to that with single infection. Classically, we usually think of a clinical …
occurs relative to that with single infection. Classically, we usually think of a clinical …
Renal transport of uric acid: evolving concepts and uncertainties
IA Bobulescu, OW Moe - Advances in chronic kidney disease, 2012 - Elsevier
In addition to its role as a metabolic waste product, uric acid has been proposed to be an
important molecule with multiple functions in human physiologic and pathophysiologic …
important molecule with multiple functions in human physiologic and pathophysiologic …
Cytomegalovirus infection enhances the immune response to influenza
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a β-herpesvirus present in a latent form in most people
worldwide. In immunosuppressed individuals, CMV can reactivate and cause serious …
worldwide. In immunosuppressed individuals, CMV can reactivate and cause serious …
LC3-associated phagocytosis in myeloid cells promotes tumor immune tolerance
Targeting autophagy in cancer cells and in the tumor microenvironment are current goals of
cancer therapy. However, components of canonical autophagy play roles in other biological …
cancer therapy. However, components of canonical autophagy play roles in other biological …
VISTA and its ligands: the next generation of promising therapeutic targets in immunotherapy
V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a novel negative
checkpoint receptor (NCR) primarily involved in maintaining immune tolerance. It has a role …
checkpoint receptor (NCR) primarily involved in maintaining immune tolerance. It has a role …
Galectin-9 as a biomarker of disease severity
Abstract Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside binding lectin known for its immunomodulatory
role in various microbial infections. Gal-9 is expressed in all organ systems and localized in …
role in various microbial infections. Gal-9 is expressed in all organ systems and localized in …