This consensus statement presents a comprehensive and evidence-based set of guidelines
for the care of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in both adult and pediatric …

Local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is a life-threatening adverse event that may occur
after the administration of local anesthetic drugs through a variety of routes. Increasing use …

Background It is speculated that opioid-free anesthesia may provide adequate pain control
while reducing postoperative opioid consumption. However, there is currently no evidence …

Background. The 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) score is widely used to measure pain
intensity after surgery. Despite this widespread use, it is unclear what constitutes the minimal …

Background The management of postoperative pain and recovery is still unsatisfactory in a
number of cases in clinical practice. Opioids used for postoperative analgesia are frequently …

Lidocaine is an amide local anaesthetic initially used intravenously as an antiarrhythmic
agent. At some point it was proposed that intravenous lidocaine (IVL) had an analgesic …

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and postdischarge nausea and vomiting
(PDNV) remain common and distressing complications following surgery. The routine use of …

Abstract Purpose of Review Postoperative pain remains one of the most common
challenges following inpatient and outpatient surgeries. With our advances in modern …

Abstract Background This is Part 2 of the first consensus guidelines for optimal care of
patients undergoing emergency laparotomy (EL) using an Enhanced Recovery After …

Although pain is familiar to almost everyone, its precise definition continues to be elusive.
Pain is most often viewed in the realm of somatosensation. However, this conceptualization …