5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) has long been implicated in a wide variety of
emotional, cognitive and behavioural control processes. However, its precise contribution is …

Freezing defined as the complete absence of body movements is a normal response of
animals to unavoidable fear stimuli. The present review presents a series of evidence …

Depressed patients show cognitive deficits that may depend on an abnormal reaction to
positive and negative feedback. The precise neurochemical mechanisms responsible for …

Despite a wealth of clinical and preclinical data implicating the serotonin (5-HT) system in
fear-related affective disorders, a precise definition of this neuromodulator's role in fear …

The amygdala is a core component of neural circuits that mediate processing of emotional,
particularly anxiety and fear-related stimuli across species. In addition, the nuclear complex …

Although often referred to as a hunger hormone, recent evidence highlights a
neuroprotective function of acylated ghrelin (AG) and a substantial role in the regulation of …

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder caused by the loss of orexin (hypocretin)-producing neurons
and marked by excessive daytime sleepiness and a sudden weakening of muscle tone, or …

Animals promote their survival by avoiding rapidly approaching objects that indicate threats.
In mice, looming-evoked defensive responses are triggered by the superior colliculus (SC) …

Chronic stress produces sex-specific neuromorphological changes in a variety of brain
regions, which likely contribute to the gender differences observed in stress-related illnesses …

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors may increase symptoms of anxiety immediately following
treatment initiation. The present study examined whether acute citalopram increased fear …