Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures
comprising exosomes and microvesicles, which originate from the endosomal system or …

The protonation state of soluble and membrane-associated macromolecules dictates their
charge, conformation, and functional activity. In addition, protons (H+ or their equivalents) …

The intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of endosomes mediate the delivery of activated signaling
receptors and other proteins to lysosomes for degradation, but they also modulate …

In dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), LCN2 (lipocalin 2) is upregulated. Whereas
LCN2 has been implicated in AMD pathogenesis, the mechanism remains unknown. Here …

The devastating effects and incurable nature of hereditary and sporadic retinal diseases
such as Stargardt disease, age-related macular degeneration or retinitis pigmentosa …

Melanosomes are organelles that produce and store melanin, a widespread biological
pigment with a unique suite of properties including high refractive index, semiconducting …

Photoacoustic imaging allows absorption-based high-resolution spectroscopic in vivo
imaging at a depth beyond that of optical microscopy. Until recently, photoacoustic imaging …

Cargo sorting to intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of multivesicular endosomes is required for
lysosome-related organelle (LRO) biogenesis. PMEL—a component of melanocyte LROs …

The late endosomes/endo‐lysosomes of vertebrates contain an atypical phospholipid,
lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA)(also termed bis [monoacylglycero] phosphate [BMP]) …

Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles ranging in size from 40 to 100 nm, which are
secreted by both cancer cells and multiple stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment …