We assess evidence relevant to Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of
atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes …

For the current generation of earth system models participating in the Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), the range of equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS …

This study presents the global climate model IPSL‐CM6A‐LR developed at Institut Pierre‐
Simon Laplace (IPSL) to study natural climate variability and climate response to natural and …

Equilibrium climate sensitivity, the global surface temperature response to CO doubling, has
been persistently uncertain. Recent consensus places it likely within 1.5–4.5 K. Global …

Abstract Changes in the zonal gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) across the
equatorial Pacific have major consequences for global climate. Therefore, accurate future …

Climate sensitivity to CO 2 remains the key uncertainty in projections of future climate
change. Transient climate response (TCR) is the metric of temperature sensitivity that is most …

We investigate the dependence of radiative feedback on the pattern of sea‐surface
temperature (SST) change in 14 Atmospheric General Circulation Models (AGCMs) forced …

More than 40 model groups worldwide are participating in the Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), providing a new and rich source of information to …

Radiative feedbacks depend on the spatial patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) and
thus can change over time as SST patterns evolve—the so-called pattern effect. This study …

How do we halt global warming? Reaching net zero carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions is
understood to be a key milestone on the path to a safer planet. But how confident are we that …