Cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle and become terminally differentiated soon after birth.
Therefore, in the adult heart, instead of an increase in cardiomyocyte number, individual …

Repeated, episodic bouts of skeletal muscle contraction undertaken frequently as structured
exercise training are a potent stimulus for physiological adaptation in many organs …

Microglia have critical roles in neural development, homeostasis and neuroinflammation
and are increasingly implicated in age-related neurological dysfunction. Neurodegeneration …

Cells respond to mitochondrial poisons with rapid activation of the adenosine
monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK), causing acute metabolic changes …

Many complex biological programs are controlled at the level of gene transcription by DNA
binding transcription factors. Recent studies have revealed a novel mode of regulation by …

The alterations in myocardial energy substrate metabolism that occur in heart failure, and
the causes and consequences of these abnormalities, are poorly understood. There is …

The heart has a high rate of ATP production and turnover that is required to maintain its
continuous mechanical work. Perturbations in ATP-generating processes may therefore …

Transcriptional regulation of catabolic pathways is a central mechanism by which cells
respond to physiological cues to generate the energy required for anabolic pathways …

Traditionally, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a 91 kDa
transcription factor, regulates lipid metabolism and long-chain fatty acid oxidation by …

Ischaemia of the heart, brain and limbs is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. Hypoxia stimulates the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) …