In recent years, there has been growing interest in using Internet of Things (IoT) sensors to
address indoor fire hazards in smart buildings. This study conducted a systematic review of …

Complex and tall buildings have been constructed in many cities recently. Fire safety should
be a major concern of building designers, engineers, and governments. Previous fire …

Building fires constitute a significant threat that affects property, the environment, and human
health. The management of this risk requires an efficient fire evacuation system for buildings' …

The complexity and variability of the internal environment of public buildings prompt to think
about how to protect people in the fire and quickly reach the safe area. With the help of the …

The forest fire environment is complex and volatile, posing a serious threat to the lives of
firefighters at any time. Aiming at how people choose escape routes when facing these …

Providing accurate information on available evacuation routes is critical during the time-
sensitive emergency situation of a building fire, particularly when it occurs in a large-scale …

Abstract Using three-dimensional (3D) indoor environments in pedestrian evacuation
simulations is increasingly active. However, a systemic review that reflects the latest …

Many research studies have focused on fire evacuation planning. However, because of the
uncertainties in fire development, there is no perfect solution. This research proposes a fire …

Evacuation in the event of a fire in an urban underground complexes (UUC) is a big
challenge. How to conduct limited evacuation in case of a fire in UUC is a problem worthy of …

Indoor fire is a sudden and frequent disaster that severely threatens the safety of indoor
people worldwide. Indoor fire emergency evacuation is crucial to reducing losses involving …