The large variety of 2D materials and their co-integration in van der Waals heterostructures
enable innovative device engineering. In addition, their atomically thin nature promotes the …

Spin–orbit coupling induces a unique form of Zeeman interaction in momentum space in
materials that lack inversion symmetry: the electron's spin is locked on an effective magnetic …

Magnetism is one of the largest, most fundamental, and technologically most relevant fields
of condensed-matter physics. Traditionally, two basic magnetic phases have been …

The relativistic spin Hall effect and inverse spin Hall effect enable the efficient generation
and detection of spin current. Recently, a nonrelativistic altermagnetic spin splitting effect …

Spin–orbit torque (SOT) is an emerging technology that enables the efficient manipulation of
spintronic devices. The initial processes of interest in SOTs involved electric fields, spin …

As spins move through a chiral electric field, the resulting spin current can acquire chirality
through a spin–orbit interaction. Such spin currents are highly useful in creating spin–orbit …

Recent developments have introduced a groundbreaking form of collinear magnetism
known as “altermagnetism”. This emerging magnetic phase is characterized by robust time …

Symmetry plays a central role in determining the polarization of spin currents induced by
electric fields. It also influences how these spin currents generate spin-transfer torques in …

The orbital Hall effect refers to the generation of electron orbital angular momentum flow
transverse to an external electric field. Contrary to the common belief that the orbital angular …

Current induced spin-orbit torques driven by the conventional spin Hall effect are widely
used to manipulate the magnetization. This approach, however, is nondeterministic and …