microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate several genes post-transcriptionally by
complementarity pairing. Since discovery, they have been reported to be involved in a …

Graphene, a wonder material, has made far-reaching developments in many different fields
such as materials science, electronics, condensed physics, quantum physics, energy …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as natural carriers of bioactive cargo, have a unique
micro/nanostructure, bioactive composition, and characteristic morphology, as well as …

Stimuli‐responsive photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a hot topic in precise medicine, but the
low abundance of responsive trigger molecules in early‐stage disease limits application …

Graphene is a 2D material that has a honeycomb-like structure consisting of single sp2
carbon layers and was first isolated from graphite in 2004. 1 It has drawn much attention …

Graphene oxide (GO), an oxidized derivative of graphene, has received much attention for
develo** novel fluorescent bioanalytic platforms due to its remarkable optical properties …

Singlet oxygen (1O2) is the excited state of ground, triplet state, molecular oxygen (O2).
Photosensitized 1O2 has been extensively studied as one of the reactive oxygen species …

From the early days of research on RNA biology and biochemistry, there was an interest to
utilize this knowledge and RNA itself for therapeutic applications. Today, we have a series of …

Combination therapy via stimulus-responsive drug release is known to improve treatment
efficacy and minimize side effects. However, the use of low-abundance cancer biomarkers …

The number of applications of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs)—oligonucleotide analogs with a
polyamide backbone—is continuously increasing in both in vitro and cellular systems and …