Major depression disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are usual comorbidities in
patients with substance use disorders (SUD), a condition known as dual disorder (DD) …

Cognitive functioning heterogeneity is a well-recognized phenomenon in individuals
diagnosed with mood disorders. Cognitive Reserve (CR) has been linked to multiple …

Abstract Background 17β-Estradiol (E2) is generally considered neuroprotective in humans.
However, the current clinical use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is based on the …

Background Cognitive and brain reserve aim to explain individual differences in
susceptibility to dementia and may also affect the risk of late-life depressive events. We …

Objective To synthesize quantitatively the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) literature with
respect to the relationship between cognitive reserve and neuropsychological and functional …

Importance Although couples may share many risk factors for depressive disorders in their
lifetime, whether these factors mediate the shared risk of depressive disorders has rarely …

Objective To analyse the combined effect of depression and cognitive reserve (CR) on
cognition over a three-year follow-up period; and to explore this relationship specifically in …

Objective Cognitive impairments are known to be a frequent cause of disability in bipolar
disorder (BD) and major depression (MDD). Yet there is no consensus regarding the …

Background Cognitive reserve (CR) is a complex concept that includes premorbid IQ, years
of education, and exposure to neuropsychological stimuli through work and leisure …

Introduction Cognitive reserve (CR) describes individual differences in susceptibility to brain
damage that translates into varying dementia onsets and may also influence the occurrence …