Performance monitoring is an important executive function that allows us to gain insight into
our own behaviour. This remarkable ability relies on the frontal cortex, and its impairment is …

The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has a near-ubiquitous presence in the
neuroscience of cognitive control. It has been implicated in a diversity of functions, from …

Objective. Brain–computer interfaces (BCI) enable direct communication with a computer,
using neural activity as the control signal. This neural signal is generally chosen from a …

The amount of mental effort we invest in a task is influenced by the reward we can expect if
we perform that task well. However, some of the rewards that have the greatest potential for …

We look back on the events surrounding the genesis of our 1993 article on the error-related
negativity (ERN), a component of the event-related brain potential that accompanies errors …

Feedback indicating monetary loss elicits an apparent negative deflection in the event‐
related potential (ERP) that has been referred to as the feedback error‐related negativity …

Most reward-related electroencephalogram (EEG) studies focus exclusively on the feedback-
related negativity (FRN, also known as feedback negativity or FN, medial-frontal negativity or …

Evidence from imaging and anatomical studies suggests that the midcingulate cortex (MCC)
is a dynamic hub lying at the interface of affect and cognition. In particular, this neural system …

Successful goal-directed behavior requires not only correct action selection, planning, and
execution but also the ability to flexibly adapt behavior when performance problems occur or …

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and especially anterior cingulate cortex is central to
higher cognitive function and many clinical disorders, yet its basic function remains in …