We revisit the challenges and prospects for ocean circulation models following Griffies et al..
Over the past decade, ocean circulation models evolved through improved understanding …

Life in the ocean relies on the photosynthetic production of phytoplankton, which is
influenced by the availability of light and nutrients that are modulated by a host of physical …

Floating oil, plastics, and marine organisms are continually redistributed by ocean surface
currents. Prediction of their resulting distribution on the surface is a fundamental, long …

The science guiding the EUREC 4 A campaign and its measurements is presented. EUREC
4 A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the …

Although the strongest ocean surface currents occur at horizontal scales of order 100 km,
recent numerical simulations suggest that flows smaller than these mesoscale eddies can …

This study discusses the upper-ocean (0–200 m) horizontal wavenumber spectra in the
Drake Passage from 13 yr of shipboard ADCP measurements, altimeter data, and a high …

Ocean eddies (with a size of 100–300 km), ubiquitous in satellite observations, are known to
represent about 80% of the total ocean kinetic energy. Recent studies have pointed out the …

A set of realistic, very high-resolution simulations is made for the Gulf Stream region using
the oceanic model Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) to study the life cycle of the …

Recent studies show that the vigorous seasonal cycle of the mixed layer modulates upper
ocean submesoscale turbulence. Here we provide model‐based evidence that the …

The importance of submesoscale instabilities, particularly mixed layer baroclinic instability
and symmetric instability, on upper-ocean mixing and energetics is well documented in …