Decarbonizing world economies implies the deployment of “green technologies”, meaning a
renovation of the energy sector towards using renewable sources and zero emission …

According to the reports on critical raw materials for the EU, a raw material is considered
critical if it has a high economic importance to the EU combined with high supply risk. Supply …

To keep the increase in global average temperature below 2° C the use of renewable
energy sources is essential. There are various scenarios for this energy transition …

To a set of well-regarded international scenarios (UNEP's GEO-4), we have added
consideration of the demand, supply, and energy implications related to copper production …

Mining industry requires high amounts of energy to extract and process resources, including
a variety of concentration and refining processes. Using energy consumption information …

The term downcycling is often used anecdotally to describe imperfections in recycling.
However, it is rarely defined. Here, we identify six meanings of the term downcycling as used …

The increasing metal demand driven by energy and digital transition has led to more
complex mining operations. To allocate environmental impacts in cases of mining co …

Purpose Assessing impacts of abiotic resource use has been a topic of persistent debate
among life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) method developers and a source of confusion …

Moving towards a low-carbon economy will imply a considerable increase in the deployment
of green technologies, which will in turn increase the demand of certain raw materials. In this …

The transition from a fossil fuel base to a renewable energy system relies on materials and,
in particular, metals to manufacture and maintain energy conversion technologies. Supply …