Prototy** is interwoven with nearly all product, service, and systems development efforts.
A prototype is a pre-production representation of some aspect of a concept or final design …

In the rapidly advancing field of multi-modal machine learning (MMML), the convergence of
multiple data modalities has the potential to reshape various applications. This paper …

Prototy** is an essential part of product development in companies, and yet it is one of the
least explored areas of design practice. There are limited ethnographic studies conducted …

In this paper we report on an in‐depth study of engineering design processes. Specifically,
we extend our previous research on engineering student design processes to compare the …

The bridge between engineering design and cognitive science research is critical to
understand the effectiveness of design methods as implemented by human designers. The …

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have become integral to modern prototy** and
manufacturing. Therefore, guidelines for using AM are necessary to help users new to the …

Highlights•Novice designers' prototy** conceptions were less sophisticated than their
reported use.•Many prototy** behaviors reflected literature-based best practices.•Several …

Highlights•Seven specifications of a prototy** framework are identified from the
literature.•A benchmark study of novice designers' understanding of prototy** is …

Highlights•Applied ethnographic study of a footwear company develo** a new
boot.•Prototypes are communication tools to explain, gain feedback, negotiate, or …

While scholars have studied what design practices accomplish, few have considered how
people feel when enacting these practices. An eighteen-month ethnographic study of a high …