With the integration of social media in political communication repertoires, politicians now
permanently campaign for support online. By promoting their personal agenda, politicians …

The key points of the transformations that social media have generated in the field of political
information are identified. Social media consolidation is bringing with it a new, more hybrid …

On Facebook, patterns of user engagement largely shape what types of political content
citizens can see on the platform. Higher engagement leads to higher visibility. Therefore …

In recent years, politicians and political parties have increasingly adopted various social
media as political communication platforms. While the research on the topic has provided …

This article sets out the case that democracies are now entering a fourth phase of “data-
driven” political campaigning. Building on the existing campaigns literature, we identify …

We are living in a period of great uncertainty. Votes for Brexit and Trump, along with
widespread political volatility, are not only causing turmoil; they are signs that many long …

To increase the outreach of their messages, populists and nonpopulist political actors use
populist communication strategies that stimulate users to interact with their messages on …

Political campaigning on social media is a core feature of contemporary democracy.
However, evidence of the effectiveness of this type of campaigning is thin. This study tests …

Political campaigns are increasingly investing in targeted advertising on social media
platforms to reach voters. Despite critical implications for citizens and elections, little is …

This study investigates the visual self-presentation of political candidates on different social
media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter) in seven Western democracies (Austria …